{"id":1621,"date":"2024-03-13T13:52:04","date_gmt":"2024-03-13T13:52:04","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/reporterdafrique.info\/?p=1621"},"modified":"2024-03-13T13:52:07","modified_gmt":"2024-03-13T13:52:07","slug":"pistes-rurales-au-togo-les-travaux-de-desenclavement-avancent","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/reporterdafrique.info\/en\/pistes-rurales-au-togo-les-travaux-de-desenclavement-avancent\/","title":{"rendered":"Pistes rurales au Togo: Les travaux de d\u00e9senclavement avancent"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong><em>\u00ab\u00a0La route du d\u00e9veloppement passe par le d\u00e9veloppement de la route\u00a0\u00bb. dit-on. Au Togo, l\u2019ex\u00e9cution de la feuille de route gouvernementale 2020-2025 suit son cours pour le bien des populations. L\u2019un des domaines pris en compte dans l\u2019atteinte des objectifs reste le d\u00e9senclavement des milieux ruraux. Sur le terrain, l\u2019Etat togolais ne l\u00e9sine pas sur les moyens s\u2019agissant de la construction de nouvelles pistes rurales \u00a0ou de \u00a0l\u2019am\u00e9nagement des pistes d\u00e9j\u00e0 existantes. <\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Selon des sources officielles, le r\u00e9seau de pistes existant en 2020 en milieu rural faisait \u00e9tat de 7 383,1 km. Ce chiffre va passer \u00e0 &nbsp;31 326 km en 2021 gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 des projets de r\u00e9alisation entam\u00e9s par les diff\u00e9rentes communes mis en place dans le pays.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Ces programmes sont notamment d\u00e9finis en deux principaux axes \u00e0 savoir&nbsp;: &nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Les Pistes rurales d\u2019acc\u00e8s et de d\u00e9senclavement dans les zones de production et de transformation agricoles (ZAAP, agropoles, magasins, d\u00e9p\u00f4ts, usines de transformation, unit\u00e9s de fabrication, centres de traitement, &#8230;).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Et les Pistes rurales d\u2019acc\u00e8s et de d\u00e9senclavement des infrastructures, \u00e9quipements et services socio-\u00e9conomiques de base (centres de sant\u00e9s, \u00e9coles, march\u00e9s, finance inclusive, &#8230;).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Dans les fait, il s\u2019agit essentiellement de Travaux d\u2019ouverture, de r\u00e9habilitation et d\u2019\u00e9limination des points critiques sur les pistes rurales\u00a0;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>de travaux&nbsp; de construction des ouvrages de franchissements de type pont, ponceau et dalot&nbsp;;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>de travaux d\u2019entretien courant m\u00e9canis\u00e9 sur le r\u00e9seau existant des pistes rurales&nbsp;; ainsi que des travaux d\u2019entretien courant manuel sur le r\u00e9seau existant et des pistes rurales nouvellement r\u00e9alis\u00e9es.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>A ce jour, ces programmes financ\u00e9s sur les ressources internes de l\u2019Etat togolais \u00e0 travers les 5 r\u00e9gions \u00e9conomiques du pays ont permis de g\u00e9n\u00e9rer 203 march\u00e9s engag\u00e9s et sign\u00e9s pour : l\u2019ouverture et la r\u00e9habilitation de 4 752 km de pistes rurales, 2 136 km achev\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Le pays enregistre \u00e9galement l\u2019entretien courant m\u00e9canis\u00e9 de 2 478 km de pistes rurales, 1 720 km achev\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Il faut aussi noter la construction de 5 171 Unit\u00e9s d&rsquo;ouvrages dont 3 033 &nbsp;achev\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Le Montant des travaux engag\u00e9s est de 122,68 milliards de FCFA.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>En terme d\u2019impacts socio-\u00e9conomiques et environnementaux relatives \u00e0 ces r\u00e9alisations, il est indiqu\u00e9 que 1&nbsp;276 diff\u00e9rentes localit\u00e9s ont \u00e9t\u00e9 d\u00e9senclav\u00e9es, soit 2 819&nbsp;910 habitants directement desservis, 6&nbsp;228 infrastructures socio-\u00e9conomiques desservies. En termes d\u2019emplois, 13 197 emplois ont \u00e9t\u00e9 cr\u00e9\u00e9s par 176 PME et 37 PMC locaux. 217 actions sociales r\u00e9alis\u00e9es au b\u00e9n\u00e9fice des populations (forages en eau potable) et 2&nbsp;846 arbres plant\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong><em>Reporterdadrique<\/em><\/strong><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u00ab\u00a0La route du d\u00e9veloppement passe par le d\u00e9veloppement de la route\u00a0\u00bb. dit-on. Au Togo, l\u2019ex\u00e9cution de la feuille de route gouvernementale 2020-2025 suit son cours pour le bien des populations. L\u2019un des domaines pris en compte dans l\u2019atteinte des objectifs reste le d\u00e9senclavement des milieux ruraux. Sur le terrain, l\u2019Etat togolais ne l\u00e9sine pas sur [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":1622,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"tdm_status":"","tdm_grid_status":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[45],"tags":[],"class_list":{"0":"post-1621","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-developpement"},"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.5 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Pistes rurales au Togo: Les travaux de d\u00e9senclavement avancent - REPORTERDAFRIQUE<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"travaux, d\u00e9senclavement, routes\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/reporterdafrique.info\/en\/pistes-rurales-au-togo-les-travaux-de-desenclavement-avancent\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Pistes rurales au Togo: Les travaux de d\u00e9senclavement avancent - REPORTERDAFRIQUE\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"travaux, d\u00e9senclavement, routes\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/reporterdafrique.info\/en\/pistes-rurales-au-togo-les-travaux-de-desenclavement-avancent\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"REPORTERDAFRIQUE\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2024-03-13T13:52:04+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2024-03-13T13:52:07+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/reporterdafrique.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/sssssssssssssssssssssssss.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1080\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"756\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"reporterdafrique\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"reporterdafrique\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"3 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/reporterdafrique.info\\\/pistes-rurales-au-togo-les-travaux-de-desenclavement-avancent\\\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/reporterdafrique.info\\\/pistes-rurales-au-togo-les-travaux-de-desenclavement-avancent\\\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"reporterdafrique\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/reporterdafrique.info\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/e6c969aa000793e687c5399b5ffbdc77\"},\"headline\":\"Pistes rurales au Togo: Les travaux de d\u00e9senclavement avancent\",\"datePublished\":\"2024-03-13T13:52:04+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2024-03-13T13:52:07+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/reporterdafrique.info\\\/pistes-rurales-au-togo-les-travaux-de-desenclavement-avancent\\\/\"},\"wordCount\":458,\"commentCount\":0,\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/reporterdafrique.info\\\/pistes-rurales-au-togo-les-travaux-de-desenclavement-avancent\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/reporterdafrique.info\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2024\\\/03\\\/sssssssssssssssssssssssss.jpg\",\"articleSection\":[\"d\u00e9veloppement\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"CommentAction\",\"name\":\"Comment\",\"target\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/reporterdafrique.info\\\/pistes-rurales-au-togo-les-travaux-de-desenclavement-avancent\\\/#respond\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/reporterdafrique.info\\\/pistes-rurales-au-togo-les-travaux-de-desenclavement-avancent\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/reporterdafrique.info\\\/pistes-rurales-au-togo-les-travaux-de-desenclavement-avancent\\\/\",\"name\":\"Pistes rurales au Togo: Les travaux de d\u00e9senclavement avancent - REPORTERDAFRIQUE\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/reporterdafrique.info\\\/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/reporterdafrique.info\\\/pistes-rurales-au-togo-les-travaux-de-desenclavement-avancent\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/reporterdafrique.info\\\/pistes-rurales-au-togo-les-travaux-de-desenclavement-avancent\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/reporterdafrique.info\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2024\\\/03\\\/sssssssssssssssssssssssss.jpg\",\"datePublished\":\"2024-03-13T13:52:04+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2024-03-13T13:52:07+00:00\",\"author\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/reporterdafrique.info\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/e6c969aa000793e687c5399b5ffbdc77\"},\"description\":\"travaux, d\u00e9senclavement, routes\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/reporterdafrique.info\\\/pistes-rurales-au-togo-les-travaux-de-desenclavement-avancent\\\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/reporterdafrique.info\\\/pistes-rurales-au-togo-les-travaux-de-desenclavement-avancent\\\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/reporterdafrique.info\\\/pistes-rurales-au-togo-les-travaux-de-desenclavement-avancent\\\/#primaryimage\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/reporterdafrique.info\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2024\\\/03\\\/sssssssssssssssssssssssss.jpg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/reporterdafrique.info\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2024\\\/03\\\/sssssssssssssssssssssssss.jpg\",\"width\":1080,\"height\":756},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/reporterdafrique.info\\\/pistes-rurales-au-togo-les-travaux-de-desenclavement-avancent\\\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Home\",\"item\":\"https:\\\/\\\/reporterdafrique.info\\\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Pistes rurales au Togo: Les travaux de d\u00e9senclavement avancent\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/reporterdafrique.info\\\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/reporterdafrique.info\\\/\",\"name\":\"REPORTERDAFRIQUE\",\"description\":\"L&#039;Afrique au quotidien\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\\\/\\\/reporterdafrique.info\\\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":{\"@type\":\"PropertyValueSpecification\",\"valueRequired\":true,\"valueName\":\"search_term_string\"}}],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"Person\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/reporterdafrique.info\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/e6c969aa000793e687c5399b5ffbdc77\",\"name\":\"reporterdafrique\",\"image\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/secure.gravatar.com\\\/avatar\\\/7882f7db2f0ee4f772f81ec0ee186273846b76223215f4b2a9c4f2b0017a1f64?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/secure.gravatar.com\\\/avatar\\\/7882f7db2f0ee4f772f81ec0ee186273846b76223215f4b2a9c4f2b0017a1f64?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/secure.gravatar.com\\\/avatar\\\/7882f7db2f0ee4f772f81ec0ee186273846b76223215f4b2a9c4f2b0017a1f64?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"caption\":\"reporterdafrique\"},\"sameAs\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/reporterdafrique.info\"],\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/reporterdafrique.info\\\/en\\\/author\\\/reporterdafrique\\\/\"}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"Pistes rurales au Togo: Les travaux de d\u00e9senclavement avancent - REPORTERDAFRIQUE","description":"travaux, d\u00e9senclavement, routes","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/reporterdafrique.info\/en\/pistes-rurales-au-togo-les-travaux-de-desenclavement-avancent\/","og_locale":"en_US","og_type":"article","og_title":"Pistes rurales au Togo: Les travaux de d\u00e9senclavement avancent - REPORTERDAFRIQUE","og_description":"travaux, d\u00e9senclavement, routes","og_url":"https:\/\/reporterdafrique.info\/en\/pistes-rurales-au-togo-les-travaux-de-desenclavement-avancent\/","og_site_name":"REPORTERDAFRIQUE","article_published_time":"2024-03-13T13:52:04+00:00","article_modified_time":"2024-03-13T13:52:07+00:00","og_image":[{"width":1080,"height":756,"url":"https:\/\/reporterdafrique.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/sssssssssssssssssssssssss.jpg","type":"image\/jpeg"}],"author":"reporterdafrique","twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_misc":{"Written by":"reporterdafrique","Est. reading time":"3 minutes"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"Article","@id":"https:\/\/reporterdafrique.info\/pistes-rurales-au-togo-les-travaux-de-desenclavement-avancent\/#article","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/reporterdafrique.info\/pistes-rurales-au-togo-les-travaux-de-desenclavement-avancent\/"},"author":{"name":"reporterdafrique","@id":"https:\/\/reporterdafrique.info\/#\/schema\/person\/e6c969aa000793e687c5399b5ffbdc77"},"headline":"Pistes rurales au Togo: Les travaux de d\u00e9senclavement avancent","datePublished":"2024-03-13T13:52:04+00:00","dateModified":"2024-03-13T13:52:07+00:00","mainEntityOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/reporterdafrique.info\/pistes-rurales-au-togo-les-travaux-de-desenclavement-avancent\/"},"wordCount":458,"commentCount":0,"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/reporterdafrique.info\/pistes-rurales-au-togo-les-travaux-de-desenclavement-avancent\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/reporterdafrique.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/sssssssssssssssssssssssss.jpg","articleSection":["d\u00e9veloppement"],"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"CommentAction","name":"Comment","target":["https:\/\/reporterdafrique.info\/pistes-rurales-au-togo-les-travaux-de-desenclavement-avancent\/#respond"]}]},{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/reporterdafrique.info\/pistes-rurales-au-togo-les-travaux-de-desenclavement-avancent\/","url":"https:\/\/reporterdafrique.info\/pistes-rurales-au-togo-les-travaux-de-desenclavement-avancent\/","name":"Pistes rurales au Togo: Les travaux de d\u00e9senclavement avancent - REPORTERDAFRIQUE","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/reporterdafrique.info\/#website"},"primaryImageOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/reporterdafrique.info\/pistes-rurales-au-togo-les-travaux-de-desenclavement-avancent\/#primaryimage"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/reporterdafrique.info\/pistes-rurales-au-togo-les-travaux-de-desenclavement-avancent\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/reporterdafrique.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/sssssssssssssssssssssssss.jpg","datePublished":"2024-03-13T13:52:04+00:00","dateModified":"2024-03-13T13:52:07+00:00","author":{"@id":"https:\/\/reporterdafrique.info\/#\/schema\/person\/e6c969aa000793e687c5399b5ffbdc77"},"description":"travaux, d\u00e9senclavement, routes","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/reporterdafrique.info\/pistes-rurales-au-togo-les-travaux-de-desenclavement-avancent\/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/reporterdafrique.info\/pistes-rurales-au-togo-les-travaux-de-desenclavement-avancent\/"]}]},{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/reporterdafrique.info\/pistes-rurales-au-togo-les-travaux-de-desenclavement-avancent\/#primaryimage","url":"https:\/\/reporterdafrique.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/sssssssssssssssssssssssss.jpg","contentUrl":"https:\/\/reporterdafrique.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/sssssssssssssssssssssssss.jpg","width":1080,"height":756},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/reporterdafrique.info\/pistes-rurales-au-togo-les-travaux-de-desenclavement-avancent\/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Home","item":"https:\/\/reporterdafrique.info\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"Pistes rurales au Togo: Les travaux de d\u00e9senclavement avancent"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/reporterdafrique.info\/#website","url":"https:\/\/reporterdafrique.info\/","name":"REPORTERDAFRIQUE","description":"L&#039;Afrique au quotidien","potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/reporterdafrique.info\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/reporterdafrique.info\/#\/schema\/person\/e6c969aa000793e687c5399b5ffbdc77","name":"reporterdafrique","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/7882f7db2f0ee4f772f81ec0ee186273846b76223215f4b2a9c4f2b0017a1f64?s=96&d=mm&r=g","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/7882f7db2f0ee4f772f81ec0ee186273846b76223215f4b2a9c4f2b0017a1f64?s=96&d=mm&r=g","contentUrl":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/7882f7db2f0ee4f772f81ec0ee186273846b76223215f4b2a9c4f2b0017a1f64?s=96&d=mm&r=g","caption":"reporterdafrique"},"sameAs":["https:\/\/reporterdafrique.info"],"url":"https:\/\/reporterdafrique.info\/en\/author\/reporterdafrique\/"}]}},"amp_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/reporterdafrique.info\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1621","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/reporterdafrique.info\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/reporterdafrique.info\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/reporterdafrique.info\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/reporterdafrique.info\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1621"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/reporterdafrique.info\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1621\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1623,"href":"https:\/\/reporterdafrique.info\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1621\/revisions\/1623"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/reporterdafrique.info\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1622"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/reporterdafrique.info\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1621"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/reporterdafrique.info\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1621"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/reporterdafrique.info\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1621"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}